Tool geometry and machine-data audit (14 October 2026)

Six UKB original millimetre DXFs are bundled as sampled numerical outlines, with 415 mm and 835 mm single-piece stock entries for each tool. The sectional 800 mm sets are not interpreted as solid 800 mm tools.

All use the maker's Amada-system clamping. 22.616 requires holder 22.010, whose outline is not included. Machine/holder verification is still required. The actual rating stamped on the installed tooling takes precedence.

Reproducibility

data/brake_ukb_sections.json records source page, original CAD download URL, original DXF SHA-256 and coordinate translation for every tool. Coordinates are millimetres; punch origin is the lowest nose point, die origin is the V axis at shoulder height. The punch outline includes the 30 mm clamping tang; the working-height field excludes it.

dev/import_ukb_sections.py rebuilds this data from downloaded DXFs using ezdxf (developer only; the shipped add-in has no new dependencies). It removes only the explicit DASHDOT construction centreline, stitches all remaining LINE/ARC entities into one closed contour and checks dimensions. Arc chord error is at most 0.0025 mm; endpoint joins permit up to 0.001 mm (the 11.831 CAD has a 0.000120 mm endpoint discrepancy). No scaling or traced screenshot geometry is used. Runtime validation rejects self-intersecting contours.

Existing saved shop libraries are not overwritten. Use Library > Restore the starter entries to add the new stock entries, or import a reviewed library. Restoring starter entries replaces edited starter entries; duplicate any custom reground starter tool before restoring.

Machine data and limits

TRUMPF 7036 and 5130 dimensions were checked against the manufacturer's bending machines brochure, technical data p.53. The existing nominal entries match the base configurations: 7036 Y stroke 120 mm, open height 420 mm; 5130 Y stroke 215 mm, open height 505 mm. Optional stroke/open-height variants must be separate shop entries. Open height is table-to-beam; it is not the usable height after installed clamps.

The public data inspected does not specify the installed beam/holder/finger outlines, finger contact offset or programmed retraction for a particular shop setup. Retraction is a process setting, not the backgauge's maximum X travel. Since 16 October 2026 these gaps are filled with stated approximations instead of leaving the checks incomplete (see the next section): typical clamps and fingers per tooling system, a tool as long as the bend, a finger that stays at X. A shop's own outline or sizes always win.

Real CAD profiles improve the obstruction check and PDF side view. The air-bend motion solver puts the sheet tangent to the die's shoulder round (its Shoulder radius, 31 October 2026; sharp edges without it); elastic deformation and full 3D loading are not proven.

Outlines for the whole starter library (16 October 2026)

Every punch, die and machine of the starter library now has an outline, so the section check, the 3D view and the 3D check run with every tool. Each outline says where it comes from, and the checks list the ones that are not exact under Assumed.

Where an outline comes from

1. The entry's own section: picked in a Fusion sketch with Outline from sketch, maker CAD imported with Import from DXF, or points typed in. It always wins (the six UKB tools ship this way).
2. The outline bundled for a starter entry in data/brake_outlines.json, used while the entry keeps its catalogue values (the record stores them in match; an edited entry falls back to 3). Built by dev/build_brake_outlines.py from the research below.
3. Drawn from the entry's values (lib/formworks/brake_profiles.py): straight, acute, gooseneck and flattening punches; 1-V, acute, multi-V and hemming dies. A value the entry does not give takes a typical one, named in the outline's note. Offset tools and style Other need their own outline.

The upper beam is drawn from the punch shoulder (its clamping face) on the tang axis and set on each step's punch. European (Promecam) punches - AMADA AFH, UKB and Mate EPS alike - carry a 13 x 30 mm tang centred 13.5 mm behind the tip axis, and the AMADA holder is centred on the tip axis (a tang pocket each side); New Standard punches have a 20 mm tang 37 mm high on the tip axis; American punches a 0.5 x 0.5 in tang on the tip axis. A machine's own outline, then its upper clamp width/height and beam thickness, then the typical clamp of its tooling system are used, in that order. Library version 5 adds clamp_section_mm (from the punch shoulder); an older beam_section_mm (relative to the punch tip) is still used as entered.

Without a working length a tool is taken as long as the bend (sectioned tools), and without a gauge retraction the finger stays at X during the bend; both are listed under Assumed.

Research

Other makers' public CAD was used to cross-check: Mate Precision Technologies (945 press-brake DXFs; its European and WILA-style profiles match UKB's and WILA's) and the whole UKB catalogue (607 DXFs). An equivalent from another maker is used only where it matches the tool's published values; nowhere in the starter library does it replace the maker's own drawing.

Counts: punches 37 of 38 exact (the maker's drawing or CAD), 1 drawn from published dimensions; dies 73 of 90 exact, 15 drawn from published dimensions, 2 drawn from their entry values; machines: 5 clamps from the makers' drawings, 3 from equivalent clamps, all listed under Assumed.

Downloaded files, their URLs and SHA-256, the extraction scripts and the per-tool measurements are kept with the research (research/<family>.json, final_outlines.json); the bundle keeps each record's source and page in detail.

The catalogue: tools and machines beyond the starter library (19 October 2026)

Press Brake Library, Add tools or machines from the catalogue, adds entries from data/brake_catalogue.json (built by dev/build_catalogue.py from the research folder; the machines are typed in dev/catalogue_machines.py). Every entry is a library entry with its outline, its published values and its source in its notes, and a plain 90 deg strip bent with it and a reference tool meets nothing (a tool whose outline is misread is left out, with the reason, under left_out).

Left out on purpose: tools of clamping systems the library has not got (EHT, Weinbrenner, UKB special and composite dies), WILA's radius inserts, offset and flattening inserts, RotaBend and U dies (not a punch or a 1-V die on their own), and the AMADA dies whose drawing does not show their own V.

The DXF reader learned two things from the makers' files: a polyline of two points flagged closed is a straight line (WILA draws every edge so), and gaps of up to 1 mm between the lines are closed with straight lines, reported in the notes, when the lines close no outline otherwise (WILA leaves 0.03-0.6 mm). Arcs become chords within 0.1 mm (finer than press-brake work needs: a CAD outline then has about 40 % fewer points), each arc keeping its lowest, highest and outermost points, so a punch keeps its true tip and an outline its true extents; the catalogue's measured values (angle, V, width) are taken from a reading with 0.005 mm chords.

Closing, springback and taking the part out (31 October 2026)

Bends closed past 150 degrees

Acute tools air bend to 30 degrees inside. A bend between 150 and 170 degrees is pre-bent to 150 degrees with acute tools and closed by a flattening punch, the ram stopped where the flange stands at its angle: Rite-Way, flattening and hemming dies, "Flattening dies are used to close a previously formed acute angle to a given degree of opening, or to complete a hem." The force is the open-hem column of Benson's hemming table.

Springback

• WILA, tool angle: "To compensate for the springback, the material is bent slightly beyond the desired angle"; both the groove angle and the tip angle smaller than "the desired angle minus the springback"; a 90 degree bend in mild or stainless steel springs back "usually around 2 to 4".
• ADH, springback by material: first-trial springback of a released 90 degree air bend with an inside radius about the thickness: low-carbon steel 1-2, HSLA 2-4, AHSS 3-8 or more, 304/316 2-5, 5052-H32 1-3, 6061-T6 2-5 degrees; a wider die and a larger radius spring back more.
• The Fabricator (Benson), springback and springforward: at R = t, 304 2-3 and mild aluminium 1.5-2 degrees.
• SSAB, springback: "Springback increases with the strength of the steel and with the ratio between die width and plate thickness (W/t)"; BendCalc at the recommended tools: Domex 355MC 3.9, Strenx 700MC 6.7-6.9, Hardox 450 14.8-16.6 degrees.

The starter materials take the middle of these first-trial ranges (brake_catalog.SPRINGBACK); copper and brass have none published. A bend springs back in proportion to its angle (the springback factor, angle after release over angle under load, is one value for a material, radius and thickness). A test bend measured under load (Calibrate from Test Bend) replaces the material's value for its setup.

Taking the part out

• JUGAO, box bending clearance: "A part can clear the tool during forming and still be trapped against a clamp, table, support or frame"; "Show how the operator releases, tilts or rotates the box after the last bend without striking the upper tool, die holder, support, table or frame."
• ADH, deep box bending: a box "wrapped tightly around the upper punch" comes off its end with "split tooling that slides out sideways".
• The free flange's elastic flex: a cantilever loaded at its end to its yield strength, 2/3 (Re / E) L^2 / t; E 210 000 N/mm2 steel (EN 1993-1-1), 200 000 stainless (EN 1993-1-4), 70 000 aluminium (EN 1999-1-1), 110 000 taken for copper and brass.

The check (brake_collision.removal) works on the section across the bend, with the tools at the top of the machine's stroke: it is not a 3D motion plan of the operator's hands.

Setting the brake: depth, opening, back gauge, stations, time (31 October 2026)

• Depth: the punch tip below the die's top at the bottom of the stroke, from the section check's bend geometry (the sheet tangent to the die's shoulder round), for a brake set by the ram position: the Estun E21 manual (V1.04, p. 7) programs a Y target (YP) for each step.
• Opening: Delem DA-52s / DA-58T manuals: "Opening: Gap opening between the punch and die after the bend. A positive value is above Mute; a negative is below." (Mute: the point where the Y axis switches from fast closing speed to pressing speed); a small value can limit handling time. The add-in gives the gap above the die's top, straight out and, when it takes less, tilted out (the removal check's turns, found by halving to 1 mm).
• Measured angle: a learned angle correction, as the Delem DA-69T keeps; ADH (springback by material): "A 90 degree target releasing at 92 degrees means starting about 2 degrees farther closed." The operator measures the angle between the legs with a protractor; the correction a controller takes is the angle programmed less the one measured, both between the flanges (Delem DA-53T/DA-66T, ESA S630/S660/S840, Estun E300: programmed 90, measured 92 -> -2, a negative correction closes the angle); a Cybelec CybTouch takes the measured angle and works out its Y1/Y2 in mm.
• The angle on the controller (1 November 2026): every controller whose manual settles it takes the angle between the flanges, not how far the flange turns: 90 a right angle, 135 a bend turned 45 degrees, 180 flat, a hem by its own method (Delem: hem bend, hem opening in mm; ESA: 0.0 in the Y1 angle field). Delem DA-66T manual p. 3.10 ('Angle = 135.00') and p. 3.12 (the central angle is the supplement of the angle); ESA S630/S640/S650 (the desired bend angle, -179.9 to 180.0; 'enter 0.0 in the Y1 angle field' for a hem); Cybelec CybTouch V5.0 (p. 42, the L-Alpha table: the two bends of a 45-degree slope typed 135.0 and -135.0); Estun E300 ('Angle: Range 0.00 to 180.00'). Estun E21/E200P take a Y depth only. Amada, TRUMPF, Bystronic, SafanDarley and LVD publish no manual; their catalogues speak of angles between the flanges, so the add-in takes that by default (the machine's 'Angle on the controller').
• Back gauge fingers R and Z: the controllers' R (finger height) and Z1/Z2 (finger places) axes; the fingers on the stretches of the stopping face the part has, a finger's width in from their ends (the 3D view's 30 mm finger).
• Tool setup on the bed: The Fabricator, stage bending: punch and die sets of a common shut height set up across the bed, for parts up to about half the brake's length; TRUMPF TecZone Bend's Tool Setup Optimizer and AMADA VPSS 3i BEND's common tool layout do the same for families of parts (the add-in: the parts open in Bend Sheet on one machine). The common shut height is the condition: the ram closes every set on the bed at once, so a taller set's punch plunges into its die while a shorter set bends; sets of other heights take setups of their own, a tool change between them, made once a batch when the batch is bent setup by setup. A station is a step's punch and die as assembled for it (a box's punch between its walls, with horns, is another station over the same die): a longer assembly may not fit between the walls, a shorter one may leave the bend line short.
• Time per part: the form of aPriori's bend brake cycle time (each bend's machine time and handling, and loading); handling from The Fabricator: turning the part, re-gauging it and starting the next bend take up to 5 to 8 seconds.
• Machine speeds (approach, bending, return, back gauge X; mm/s): TRUMPF bending machines brochure 2024 p. 53 (TruBend 7036 and 5130: 220, max 25, 220; X 1500 and 1000); SafanDarley E-Brake Premium brochure 2018-10 (180, 20, 180; X 350; CE version bending 10 mm/s at most); Durma AD-R catalogue 2018 (180, 10, 120; X 500); AMADA HG specifications 2019 (220, 20, 250); harsle.com 2023 (180, 4 to 15, 120; X 400); Langmuir Titan 25T manual 2024-06 (ram 15 in/min, back gauge 100 in/min); Bystronic Xpert Pro technical data 2026-03 (X 650, no ram speeds).
• The machine's own coordinates: X from the die's centre line to the back gauge's stop (MachineMFG, back gauge calibration; Delem DA-66T manual p. 10.23: X-safe = FS + V/2, from the middle of the V; Estun E300 manual p. 2-17: X from the V centre, R from the die's top); Delem "Angle sel.": absolute Y or the angle, the Y then computed; Delem DA41: a higher Y is a lower beam; Estun E21: Y the slider's position, YP the one programmed, taught on the machine. The add-in moves a Y measured with the punch tip on the die's top by the tools' heights. (A back gauge guide on durmapress.com, cited here before, is a Chinese maker of WC67K brakes with Estun E21 controls, not Durmazlar.)
• The machine around the tools: press brakes share one build, two C-frames (side housings) with a throat, a table under the die, an upper beam, a back gauge between the frames; only their sizes differ, from each maker's brochure (bending length, distance between frames, throat depth; the table width where printed: Durma AD-R 104 mm, Bystronic Xpert 74 mm, Harsle WE67K 100 mm). The checks put a table block under the die (200 mm deep), the frames' plates at the distance between frames, solid behind the throat, and keep the back gauge's fingers between the frames. A part past the frames is checked at every point of its stroke: the flat sheet going in reaches furthest behind the bend line.

Machine data beyond the sizes, and the controller (1 November 2026)

Every value below was read on the page named, then read again on the same page by a second reader (TRUMPF: 137 of 139 values confirmed, 2 the editions disagree on and left out; Durma and AMADA: 217 of 218, one corrected; Bystronic, SafanDarley, Harsle, Langmuir: 70 of 75, 5 not used; controllers: no convention found wrong, the unconfirmed ones not used).

• Ram speeds (approach, bending, return), back gauge X, R and Z speeds and R travel: TRUMPF bending machines brochure EN 2024 p. 51-54, every series (the TruBend 8320's return speed left out: the EN and US editions give its 150 / 120 to the lengths the other way round) and the Technical Data TruBend Series 1000 2024-10-30 (R 50 to 250 mm above the lower tool clamp); Durma AD-R catalogue EN 2022 p. 16-17 (speeds, table 104 / 154, Z axes working distance 490 to 4400 mm, R 350 / 300 mm/s, R 140 by hand, 250 with the CNC option; X 750 the least on the 40400, 60220 and 60400; throat 450 on the 3 m models, 410 in the 2018 edition); AMADA Europe HG brochure E050-EU07en (printed June 2024) p. 8 (220 / 20 / 250, table 90, open height 520, 400 with punch holders) and AMADA America HG spec sheets (back gauge range 27.5 in; L axis 1181 in/min, finger height 787 and along the bed 3543 in/min); Bystronic Xpert Pro technical data 2026-03 p. 2-4 (X 650, R 250 at 200 mm/s, Z 1900 / 2900 at 1500 mm/s, table 74; no ram speeds) and Bystronic UK specification 30052752 (2021) p. 3 and 5 (the Extended 150/3100's Classic Edition 200 / 10; ByVision Bending); SafanDarley E-Brake Premium brochure 2018-10 p. 8, 12, 18-19 (speeds per model, X 350, back gauge range 1000, OB/S-3 lower table 60 wide, NSCL I MC Pro clamp 61 x 80, E-Control EC10); Langmuir Titan 25T manual 2024-06 p. 8 (table 2.4 in, R 4.8 in).
• Open height with the clamps: TRUMPF's usable open height, "bottom of upper tool clamping to top of lower tool clamping" (Series 1000 data sheet): 380 / 400 (1000 Classic / Comfort), 350 / 500 (3000), 385 / 615 (5000), 295 (7036), 385 (7050), 675 (8000); HACO PressMaster 540, drawn between its New Standard clamps. The punch and die stand in it: the ram lifts the punch after the bend no higher than it leaves, and tools too short for the stroke to reach the depth are reported. AMADA prints its open height with the punch holders only (400 on the HG): the dies' holder is not counted, so it is not used as the open height with the clamps.
• The machine's load per metre: TruBend 8000 tool clamps 3000 kN/m (6000 with the heavy-duty option), brochure p. 54; LVD Easy-Form 'max. load table' 2000 / 2500 kN/m.
• Tool clamping: TruBend 1000 Comfort Models have the TRUMPF clamping system (trumpf.com Series 1000 page), New Standard tools; AMADA HG SGRIP holders take European tools (brochure p. 5).
• Controllers and what their manuals settle (the library's Controller presets): Delem DA-53T/58T/66T/69T (DA-66T V2.6 p. 3.12 the supplement angle, p. 6.8 opening above Mute, p. 7.2 / 8.3 programmed 90 measured 92 -> -2, p. 9.19 a positive clamping correction a deeper Y); Delem DA-41 (p. 23 "a higher value means a lower beam position"; its opening a time); ESA S630/S640/S650 (operator's guide 2015 p. 48: TDC, Mute, Pinch and LDC in decreasing order, so Y grows up; p. 46 a hem 0.0; p. 71 closed by 2 -> +2.0); Cybelec CybTouch V5 p. 44 and ModEva 15T p. 25 (the measured angle typed, the control works out Y1 and Y2); Estun E300 p. 2-6 (0 to 180, programmed 90 measured 92 -> -2), E21 V1.04 p. 7 and E200P p. 10 (a Y position only); Langmuir BendControl (Titan manual p. 20: Y 0 at the top hard stop, negative down; p. 40: the inside angle, compensation as OVERBENT / UNDERBENT; p. 43: back to the Safety Jog Plane after a bend). TRUMPF (RA-Control, T3500T, Touchpoint, T8000T), AMADA AMNC 3i, Bystronic ByVision, SafanDarley E-Control, Durma DT-15 / SKY 22 and LVD Touch-B publish no manual: the library names them for the setup sheet only. The ESA's opening reference stays open: its guide counts it from the die's edge on p. 140 and from the pinch point on p. 103.
• Tool change, for the machine's Tool change (s) (a shop's own time; none pre-filled): Rolleri ROL GRIP comparison, a 3 m brake of 15 modules: 570 s with bolted clamps, 116 s with quick-release levers; AMADA HG-ATC: a layout loaded within 3 minutes; SafanDarley Tool Mate: up to 4 minutes for a full 4 m machine; The Fabricator (G. Glocker): about 30 minutes from the last good part of one job to the first of the next on a conventional brake.
• Not published by any maker read, so left for the shop: X min, the Y with the punch on the die, the Z zero, the mute distance (a die's or a safety device's setting), finger outlines, retract and count, the minimum distance between fingers, TRUMPF table widths and clamp sizes, SafanDarley frames and throat, the starter AMADA HG-1003's back gauge range and speed.

More press brake families in the catalogue (1 November 2026)

Each table read from the maker's own document (or a dealer's copy of it, named so), then every row read again on its page by a second reader, with a script comparing the columns.

Tool clamping as printed: AMADA's SGRIP holders take European tools (as the catalogue's HG 1703/2203/2204), its AMTS III holders are "compatible with the Wila tools type" (New Standard), the HRB ATC takes AMADA's own AFH-ATC tools; a family that does not say is 'Other'. AMADA's open height "with holders" leaves the dies' holder in, so it is not taken as the open height with the clamps. Controllers named for the setup sheet; the coordinate presets only where the controller's manual settles them (above).